The V-Dem 2026 report ranks the United States 51st worldwide out of 179 nations for democratic quality — down from 20th place just a few years ago. The country's Liberal Democracy Index (LDI) score fell from 0.79 in 2023 to 0.57 in 2025, a 24% drop in one year. This level brings American democracy back to that of 1965, a year that preceded major civil rights reforms. The United States has lost its status as a liberal democracy for the first time in more than 50 years.
This decline is documented by several independent sources. The Polity data series, which has measured democracy since the 1800s, classified the United States as an "anocracy" after January 6, 2021, then downgraded it further in 2024 and 2025, describing it in October 2025 as "no longer a democracy" and standing "on the threshold of autocracy." Bright Line Watch, a network of American political scientists, declared in September 2025 that expert assessments placed the country "closer to a mixed or illiberal democracy than to a full democracy."
A speed of degradation that surpasses Orbán, Modi and Erdoğan
What distinguishes the American case in the V-Dem 2026 report is less the scale of the decline than its speed. The second Trump administration has surpassed the pace of democratic degradation observed among recognized contemporary autocrats: Viktor Orbán in Hungary, Narendra Modi in India, Aleksandar Vučić in Serbia, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in Turkey. These comparisons are based on the same indicators measured under the same methodological conditions.
The most affected aspects are specific. Legislative constraints on the executive lost one-third of their value in 2025, reaching their lowest level in more than 100 years. The report indicates that the Republican-controlled Congress has "abdicated its constitutional role in favor of the executive in 2025, ceding significant legislative, fiscal and oversight powers." Judicial constraints have reached their lowest level since 1900. Civil rights and equality before the law, as well as freedom of expression and media, are at their lowest levels in 60 years.
The Trump Action Tracker has documented 2,651 cases of actions and statements by the Trump administration reminiscent of those of authoritarian regimes, including 704 directly undermining democracy, 459 weakening civil rights, 689 suppressing dissent and 172 "hollowing out the state."
Electoral components remain stable — for now
An important nuance: the electoral components of American democracy remained relatively stable in 2025. V-Dem's scores for this dimension are based on the quality of the 2024 elections, deemed free and fair by international observers. The documented American autocratization therefore occurs through the weakening of institutions — separation of powers, judicial independence, civil liberties — and not (yet) through direct electoral manipulation.
This distinction is important for understanding the nature of the decline. The United States has not become an electoral autocracy where elections are rigged. It has become a regime where institutional checks and balances — Congress, the courts, the press — have been weakened to the point of no longer fulfilling their function of limiting executive power.
Professor Steven Levitsky of Harvard University, quoted in the report, stated: "The regime in the United States is now a form of authoritarianism." The Century Foundation concluded that "American democracy is already collapsing." These expert judgments are based on the same data as V-Dem, analyzed according to different but convergent theoretical frameworks.
What 2026 and the midterm elections represent
The 2026 midterm elections constitute the next major institutional test. If electoral components remain stable, they offer a potential correction mechanism. But several factors could change this equation: changes in electoral rules at the state level, increasing media concentration, and the opposition's ability to mobilize in a context of weakening civil liberties.
V-Dem notes that the speed of American autocratization is "unprecedented in modern history" for an established democracy. This speed makes projections difficult. Historical cases of autocratization in established democracies — Hungary from 2010 to today, Turkey from 2013 to today — show that the process can accelerate once institutional checks and balances are sufficiently weakened.
The V-Dem 2026 report is available in open access on the V-Dem Institute website. Raw data and methodologies are also accessible for researchers who wish to conduct their own analyses.
Sources: V-Dem Institute, Democracy Report 2026 — Trump Action Tracker — Bright Line Watch — The Century Foundation
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